Past perfect continuous používame vtedy, keď sa obzrieme späť na situáciu v priebehu. Tiež ho použijeme v tom prípade, keď popisujeme, čo prebiehalo predtým, než sa niečo stalo a keď hovoríme o tom, čo niekto iný povedal v minulosti.
Past perfect continuous – Predminulý priebehový čas a jeho použitie
Predminulý čas priebehový je kombináciou predminulého času (I had left / odišiel som) a priebehovej formy (I am/was studying Učím sa / učil som sa ).
Predminulý čas priebehový ukazuje, že niektoré činnosti už začali a pokračovali, keď sa v minulosti stala odlišná činnosť alebo udalosť. Je dôležité si uvedomiť, že obidve činnosti sú ukončené, dokončené alebo skončené v tomto momente. Opisuje vždy iba to, čo sa stalo v minulosti.
Past perfect continuous – Popis minulej situácie v jej priebehu
Predminulý čas priebehový používame vtedy, keď sa obzrieme späť na situáciu v priebehu.
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| It was a good time to invest. Inflation had been falling for several months. |
Bol to dobrý čas na investovanie. Inflácia klesala už niekoľko mesiacov. |
| Before I changed jobs, I had been working on a plan to reduce production costs. |
Predtým, než som zmenil prácu, pracoval som na pláne pre zníženie výrobných nákladov. |
| We had been thinking about buying a new house but then we decided to stay here. |
Uvažovali sme nad kúpou nového domu, ale potom sme sa tu rozhodli ostať. |
Popis priebehu udalosti vo vzdialenejšej minulosti
Past perfect continuous používame aj vtedy, keď popisujeme, čo sa dialo predtým, než sa niečo stalo.
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| It had been snowing for a while before we left. |
Už chvíľu snežilo predtým, než sme odišli. |
| We had been playing tennis for only a few minutes when it started raining. |
Hrali sme tenis len pár minút, keď začalo pršať. |
| He was out of breath when he arrived because he had been running. |
Nemohol polapiť dych, keď dorazil, pretože cestou bežal. |
Past perfect continuous – Čo niekto povedal/veril/myslel si
Predminulý čas priebehový použijeme aj v prípade, keď hovoríme o tom, čo niekto iný povedal v minulosti.
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| She said she had been trying to call me all day. |
Povedala, že sa mi pokúšala dovolať celý deň. |
| They said they had been shopping. |
Povedali, že boli nakupovať. |
| I told you I had been looking for some new clothes. |
Povedal som ti, že som hľadala nejaké nové oblečenie. |
Ukázanie príčiny niečoho v minulosti
Past perfect continuous môžeme použiť na to, aby sme ukázali príčinu niečoho v minulosti. Ak sa pozrieme na niekoľko príkladov, nie je ťažké to pochopiť.
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| He was tired, because he had been playing basketball all day. |
Bol unavený, pretože celý deň hral basketbal. |
| She felt sick because she had been eating cookies since the morning. |
Cítila sa zle, pretože od rána jedla sušienky. |
| They were relaxed because they had been getting massages at the spa for 3 hours. |
Boli uvoľnení, pretože v kúpeľoch boli 3 hodiny masírovaní. |
Past perfect continuous – Tvorba viet
Pozrime sa teraz bližšie na to, ako vytvoriť vetu v predminulom čase priebehovom.
Kladná – oznamovacia veta
Podmet + had + been + sloveso (-ing) …
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| They had been eating when Nick arrived. |
Keď Nick prišiel, jedli. |
| She had been working there for a year before she got married and quit. |
Pracovala tam rok predtým, ako sa vydala a skončila. |
| I had been playing video games for a long time when they arrived. |
Keď prišli, už dlho som hral hry.. |
| I had been sleeping when she came into the room. |
Spal som, keď vošla do miestnosti. |
| I had been working here for 3 years before I was fired. |
Pred prepustením som tu pracoval 3 roky. |
| It had been snowing this morning. |
Dnes ráno snežilo. |
Past perfect continuous sa často tvorí so slovami (predložkami) ako:
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| She had been exercising for a long time when I got there. |
Keď som sa tam dostala, cvičila už dlho. |
| He had been crying since the morning. |
Plakal od rána. |
| They had been trying to have a baby for 10 years when she finally became pregnant. |
Pokúšali sa mať dieťa už 10 rokov, keď konečne otehotnela. |
Nie vždy sa predprítomný priebehový čas nachádza na začiatku vety.
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| I went outside and I saw that it had been raining. |
Išiel som von a videl som, že pršalo. |
| We had been playing for a while when we decided to get some food. |
Hrali sme už nejaký čas, keď sme sa rozhodli dať si nejaké jedlo. |
| They had been debating the issue for hours before they made a decision. |
Diskutovali o otázke niekoľko hodín pred tým, ako sa rozhodli. |
Tvorba otázok v Past Perfect Continuous
Teraz sa pozrime na to, ako klásť otázky. Tu je návod, ako položiť uzavretú otázku (áno/nie).
Had + podmet + been + sloveso (-ing) …?
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| Had you been waiting long before you saw the doctor? |
Čakali ste dlho predtým, ako ste videli lekára? |
| Had he been begging you to help him for a long time before I came? |
Žiadal vás, aby ste mu pomohli už dávno predtým, ako som prišiel? |
Was/were + podmet + príčastie + spojka „because“ + had + podmet + been + sloveso (-ing) …?
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| Were you tired because you had been cooking for many hours? |
Boli ste unavení, pretože ste veľa hodín varili? |
| Was he angry because he had been waiting since 2 o’clock? |
Hneval sa, pretože čakal od 2. hodiny? |
Opytovacie zámeno + had + podmet + been + sloveso (-ing) …?
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| What had you been doing before we got here? |
Čo ste robili predtým, ako sme sa sem dostali? |
| Where had you been studying before you came to this school? |
Kde ste študovali predtým, ako ste prišli do tejto školy? |
| Why had you been thinking about quitting your job before you decided not to quit? |
Prečo ste premýšľali o odchode z práce pred tým, ako ste sa rozhodli tak neurobiť? |
| How long had you been waiting when he finally came? |
Ako dlho si čakala, kým konečne prišiel? |
| How long had she been learning English when she moved to America? |
Ako dlho sa učila angličtinu predtým, než sa presťahovala do Ameriky? |
| How long had they been dating when they broke up? |
Ako dlho spolu randili, keď sa rozišli? |
| Who had been teaching the class before you started? |
Kto učil túto triedu, než si začal ty? |
| What had been happening before we arrived? |
Čo sa dialo, než sme prišli? |
| How many people had been playing before it started to rain? |
Koľko ľudí hralo, než začalo pršať? |
Rovnako ako pri predprítomnom čase môžeme tvoriť skrátené tvary pomocou zámen a „had“. Buď však opatrný, pretože táto forma vyzerá rovnako ako v prípade skrátenej formy pre sloveso „would“.
Rozdiel však vieme ľahko zistiť. Za výrazom „had“ nasleduje predminulý čas a za výrazom „would“ nasleduje pravidelné sloveso:
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
I‚d been studying for 2 hours when he came.
(=I had been studying for 2 hours when he came.) |
Keď som prišiel, študoval som 2 hodiny. |
I’d study if I had time.
(=I would study if I had time.) |
Ak by som mal čas, študoval by som. |
Tu sú ďalšie príklady na skrátený tvar slovesa „had“:
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| I‚d been waiting for an hour. |
Čakal som hodinu. |
| She‚d been talking for a long time. |
Rozprávala veľmi dlho. |
| They‚d been thinking about it for a while. |
Rozmýšľali o tom už nejakú chvíľu. |
Záporné vety a predminulý priebehový čas
Môžeme tiež vytvoriť zápornú vetu v Past perfect continuous pridaním „not“.
Podmet + had not + been + sloveso (-ing) …
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| He had not been playing long when he got hurt. |
Nehral dlho pred tým, ako sa zranil.. |
| They had not been sitting there long when it started to rain. |
Nesedeli tam dlho, keď začalo prčať. |
| We had not been watching the movie for more than 10 minutes when the electricity went out. |
Nepozerali sme film dlhšie, než 10 minúť, keď vypadla elektrina. |
A takto sa používa skrátená forma záporu v predminulom čase priebehovom:
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| He hadn’t been waiting long. |
Nečakal dlho. |
| They hadn’t been talking for more than 10 minutes. |
Nerozprávali dlhšie, ako 10 minút. |
Nižšie v tabuľke nájdeš množstvo príkladov na kladné aj záporné vety v past perfect continuous:
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| I had been researching for 10 hours before I found the answer that I was looking for. |
Hľadala som 10 hodín predtým, než som našla odpoveď. |
| I was stressed because I had been researching for 10 hours. |
Bola som vystresovaná, pretože som vyhľadávala informácie 10 hodín. |
| I hadn’t been waiting long when my name was called. |
Nečakala som dlho, keď bolo vyvolané moje meno. |
| You had been sitting there a long time before you realized I was here. |
Sedel si tu dlho, než si si uvedomil, že som tu. |
| You were sleepy because you had only been studying and not sleeping. |
Bol si ospalý, pretože si iba študoval a nespal si. |
| You had not been paying attention when you got in the car accident. |
Nedával si pozor, keď sa ti prihodila autonehoda. |
| We had been walking and talking for a long time before we realized that we didn’t know where we were. |
Kráčali sme a rozprávali sme sa dlhšiu dobu, než sme si uvedomili, že nevieme, kde sme. |
| We were surprised by the size of the party because we had been expecting a small party. |
Bol isme prekvapení veľkosťou párty, pretože sme očakávali malú oslavu. |
| We had not been working long when we heard that the project had been cancelled. |
Nepracovali sme dlho, keď sme počuli, že projekt bol zrušený. |
| He had been staring out the window for hours before he realized he was alone. |
Pozeral sa z okna hodiny, než si uvedomil, že bol sám. |
| Nick was sad because he had been trying to get a new job, but he kept failing. |
Nick bol smutný, pretože sa snažil dostať novú prácu, ale nedarilo sa mu. |
| He hadn’t been thinking long before he made his decision. |
Nerozmýšľal dlho predtým, než spravil svoje rozhodnutie. |
| She had been talking to her friend for minutes before she realized her baby was crying. |
Rozprávala sa s kamarátkou niekoľko minút, než si uvedomila, že jej dieťa plače. |
| Sarah was excited because she had been looking forward to the concert for months. |
Sarah bola nadšená, pretože sa na koncert tešila už mesiace. |
| She had not been driving for more than an hour when her car got a flat tire. |
Nešoférovala viac než hodinu, keď dostala defekt. |
| It had been snowing a long time before we left, so the roads were really bad. |
Snežilo už dlho keď sme odišli, takže cesty boli naozaj zlé. |
| The meat was very delicious because it had been marinating for hours. |
Mäso bolo veľmi dobré, lebo bolo marinované niekoľko hodín. |
| The company had not been operating more than a month before it went bankrupt. |
Firma nefungovala dlhšie, než mesiac, než zbankrotovala. |
| They had been arguing for hours before the cops finally came. |
Hádali sa hodiny, kým prišli policajti. |
| They were happy because they hadn’t been working for weeks. |
Boli šťastní, pretože niekoľko týždňov nepracovali. |
| The children hadn’t been playing long when one child got hurt. |
Deti sa nehrali dlho, ked sa jedno zranilo. |
Predminulý čas priebehový – anglická konverzácia
Ukázal som ti kopu teórie a príkladov, ale ako vyzerá taká konverzácia v angličtine, keď chceš použiť past perfect continuous?
Najprv ti ukážem niekoľko príkladov v štýle „otázka – odpoveď“:
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| A) How long had you been waiting for us? |
Ako dlho si na nás čakal? |
| B) I had been waiting for about an hour. |
Čakal som približne hodinu. |
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| A) How long had he been learning English before he started working as an international salesman? |
Ako dlho sa učil angličtinu, než začal pracovať ako medzinárodný predajca? |
| B) For a long time. |
Dlhú dobu. |
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| A) How long had she been living in New York before she moved to San Francisco? |
Ako dlho bývala v New Yorku než sa presťahovala do San Francisca? |
| B) I think she had lived in New York for 2 years before moving to San Francisco. |
Myslím, že v NY žila 2 roky, než sa presťahovala do San Francisca. |
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| A) What had he been doing before we came? |
Čo robil, než sme prišli? |
| B) I’m not sure. I think he had been sleeping. |
Nie som si istý. Myslím, že spal. |
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
A) Who had been stealing
your lunch? |
Kto ti kradol obed? |
| B) I found out that Bill had been stealing my lunch. |
Zistila som, že Bill mi kradol obed. |
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| A) Had it been raining when you came? |
Pršalo, keď ste prišli? |
| B) No. It was beautiful outside when I came. |
Nie. Vonku bolo krásne, keď sme prišli. |
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| A) Had it been working well the last time that you saw it? |
Fungovalo to dobre posledný krát, keď si to videl? |
| B) Yes, it had been working perfectly the last time I saw it. |
Áno, naposledy to fungovalo perfektne. |
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| A) Were you tired the last time I saw you because you had been working too much? |
Bol si unavený naposledy, čo sme sa videli, pretože si priveľa pracoval? |
| B) Yes, but now I am working less. So, I feel much better. |
Áno, ale teraz pracujem menej. Takže sa cítim oveľa lepšie. |
Anglická konverzácia 1
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| A) Why was Greg so tired at the meeting last Friday? |
Prečo bol Greg taký unavený na stretnutí minulý piatok? |
| B) He was tired because he had been working late every day last week. |
Bol unavený, pretože minulý týždeň pracoval každý deň nadčas. |
| A) What was he working on? |
Na čom pracoval? |
| B) He had been looking for a solution to his problem. Luckily, he finally found the solution last Friday. So, he should have more energy this week. |
Hľadal riešenie jeho problému. Našťastie ho našiel minulý piatok. Tento týždeň by mal mať viac energie. |
Anglická konverzácia 2
| Past perfect continuous |
Predminulý čas priebehový |
| A) I had been walking for miles before I realized I was lost. |
Kráčala som míle kým som si uvedomila, že som sa stratila. |
| B) How is that possible? |
Ako je to možné? |
| A) I was thinking about my life and I just wasn’t paying attention. |
Rozmýšľala som o svojom živote a nedávala som pozor. |
| B) That is funny. |
To je vtipné. |
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